铁路节能环保与安全卫生

通过体格检查和问卷调查，分析2024年辖区全体参与体检职工超重肥胖流行现状及影响因素。结果显示，不同性别、年龄的超重肥胖分布差异均有统计学意义，超重肥胖检出率男性(75.2%)、40～49岁年龄段(75.6%)分别高于女性及其余各年龄段。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明，吸烟、饮酒、摄入荤食、摄入盐分、夜班、运动为超重肥胖的危险因素，随着吸烟量、夜班频次、盐分量、荤食量的增加，发生超重肥胖的风险程度增加，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与不吸烟人群相比，1～19支/日(OR=1.195,95%CI:1.136～1.257)、20～39支/日(OR=1.348,95%CI:1.270～1.429)、≥40支/日(OR=1.730,95%CI:1.353～2.213)；与素食为主人群相比，荤素搭配(OR=1.199,95%CI:1.060～1.356)、荤食为主(OR=1.698,95%CI:1.462～1.973)；与口味清淡人群相比，口味中等(OR=1.242,95%CI:1.150～1.341)、口味偏咸(OR=1.525,95%CI:1.375～1.691)；与常白班或夜班<1次/周人群相比，夜班1～2次/周(OR=1.224,95%CI:1.168～1.284)、3～4次/周(OR=1.398,95%CI:1.323～1.477)。提示辖区铁路职工超重肥胖率较高，应结合危险因素采取综合干预措施加强体重监测及控制，从而预防和控制辖区铁路职工超重肥胖的流行。

In 2024, a census method was used to conduct physical examinations and questionnaire surveys among all employees participating in health check-ups. The prevalence and influencing factors of overweight and obesity were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the distribution of overweight and obesity differed significantly by gender and age. The detection rates were higher in males(75.2%) and in the 40～49 age group(75.6%) compared to females and other age groups, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking, alcohol consumption, meat-based diet, high salt intake, night shifts, and physical activity were risk factors for overweight and obesity. The risk of overweight and obesity increased with higher levels of smoking, night shift frequency, salt intake, and meat consumption, and these trends were statistically significant. Compared to non-smokers, the odds ratios(ORs) were:1～19 cigarettes/day(OR=1.195,95% CI:1.136～1.257), 20～39 cigarettes/day(OR=1.348, 95%CI: 1.270～1.429), and ≥40 cigarettes/day(OR =1.730, 95% CI: 1.353～2.213). Compared to those with a plant-based diet, the ORs were: balanced diet(OR=1.199, 95% CI: 1.060～1.356) and meat-based diet(OR = 1.698,95% CI:1.462～1.973). Compared to those with a light taste preference, the ORs were:moderate taste(OR=1.242,95%CI:1.150～1.341) and salty taste(OR=1.525,95%CI:1.375～1.691). Compared to those working day shifts or night shifts <1 time/week, the ORs were: night shifts 1～2 times/week(OR=1.224, 95%CI: 1.168～1.284) and 3～4 times/week(OR=1.398,95%CI:1.323～1.477). The prevalence of overweight and obesity among railway employees in the jurisdiction is high. Comprehensive interventions targeting the identified risk factors should be implemented to strengthen weight monitoring and control, thereby preventing and managing the epidemic of overweight and obesity in this population.