铁路节能环保与安全卫生

全球气候变化的严重性使人类逐步意识到碳排放是导致气候变化的主要原因之一。在经济学和社会学领域，碳排放核算及碳排放体系指标与方法研究被纳入研究视角，期望人类通过改变生产和生活的方式来减少CO₂排放。本文系统梳理了国内外碳排放核算体系的发展、国际常见的碳排放体系评价指标和方法，总结了我国铁路建设项目碳排放体系建设现状，并提出未来发展方向。

The development of carbon emission management system can be traced back to the end of the 90s of the 20 th century, with the severity of global climate change gradually emerging, human beings began to gradually realize that carbon emissions are one of the main causes of climate change. In the field of economics and sociology, carbon emission accounting and carbon emission system indicators and methods have been incorporated into the research perspective, and it is expected that human beings will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by changing the way they produce and live. This paper systematically reviews the development of carbon emission accounting systems at home and abroad, the evaluation indicators and methods of international common carbon emission systems, summarizes the current status of the construction of carbon emission system of railway construction projects in China from the perspective of low-carbon development of railways, and puts forward the development direction of carbon emission systems of railway construction projects in China in the future, so as to provide theoretical support for energy conservation and emission reduction and the realization of the "double carbon" goal.